Philosophy
For everyone
Inquiry by reasoning into being, knowledge, truth, the good and the beautiful. Most of the sciences were born from philosophy: "natural philosophy" is the ancestor of physics, "moral philosophy" of the social sciences. The theory of knowledge (epistemology), which asks how knowledge is acquired and what counts as knowledge, lies at the base of every branch in this tree.
For specialists
The main sub-fields of philosophy are metaphysics, epistemology, logic, ethics, aesthetics, political philosophy and philosophy of science. The basic division over sources of knowledge is between rationalism, empiricism and Kantian approaches that combine them. Islamic thought additionally discusses transmission (naql: revelation and reports) and unveiling (kashf: intuitive, spiritual knowledge) as distinct sources of knowledge.
Claims
- The classical definition of knowledge as "justified true belief" has been challenged by Gettier cases.[1]
Connections
Parent
HumanitySub-branches
New research in this branch
Notable in peer-reviewed journals
- What has happened to the American Diabetes Association? The Diabetes Care editors turn to Diabetologia to publish without restrictions — Steven E. Kahn, Cheryl A.M. Anderson, John B. Buse et al. · 2026-09-16 · Diabetologia
- What we talk to when we talk to language models — David J. Chalmers · 2026-09-16 · Inquiry
- What has happened to the American Diabetes Association? The Diabetes Care editors turn to Diabetologia to publish without restrictions. Reply to Kahn SE, Anderson CAM, Buse JB, Selvin E [letter] — American Diabetes Association · 2026-09-16 · Diabetologia
- Ontología social y el problema de los mecanismos — Jorge Gibert Galassi · 2026-09-14 · Eikasía Revista de Filosofía
Turkish-language papers
- Yapay Zekâ Konulu Filmler Üzerinden Geleceğin Toplumuna Bir Bakış: Sosyolojik Bir Analiz — M. Çağlar Kurtdaş · 2025-12-29 · Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi
- DIGITAL PREACHING IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RELIGION AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: THE CASE OF THE KÜBRA (NETFLIX SERIES) — Nihat OYMAN · 2025-12-30 · Kilis 7 December University Journal of Theology
- Endülüs Mantığının Karakteristiğini Belirlemeye Yönelik Bir Girişim — Muhammet Nasih Ece · 2025-12-15 · Sakarya Universitesi Ilahiyat Fakultesi dergisi/Sakarya Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi dergisi
- Yapay Zeka ve Din: Bireysel Hayatta Yeni Bir Dönüşüm Senaryosu — Ali Kemal ACAR · 2025-11-30 · Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi
Sources
- Article (1963). Is justified true belief knowledge?. Analysis 23(6), 121–123DOI 10.1093/analys/23.6.121archive
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Cite this page
Athena contributors. (2026). Philosophy. Athena: The tree of human knowledge. Retrieved November 1, 2026, from https://latifkedi.github.io/athena/en/d/felsefe/
@misc{athena_felsefe,
title = {Philosophy},
author = {{Athena contributors}},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {\url{https://latifkedi.github.io/athena/en/d/felsefe/}},
note = {Athena: The tree of human knowledge. Accessed: 2026-11-01}
}Added: September 27, 2026 · Last changed: September 28, 2026 · Page history