Philosophy of science
For everyone
What distinguishes science from other kinds of knowledge? When is a theory "confirmed"? How does science change? The philosophy of science asks these questions. Athena's principle of not delivering verdicts draws on these debates: no scientific theory counts as conclusively proven; it is only supported or challenged by evidence.
For specialists
The problem of induction (Hume) says that the move from a finite number of observations to general laws cannot be justified logically. Logical positivism proposed verifiability, and Popper falsifiability, as criteria. The Duhem–Quine thesis stresses that a hypothesis is never tested alone but together with auxiliary assumptions. Bayesian confirmation theory models with probabilities how evidence changes belief in a hypothesis.
Claims
- The move from a finite number of observations to a general law is not logically certain (the problem of induction).[1]
Connections
Sources
- Book (1748). An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. A. Millar, London (Section IV)gutenberg.orgarchive
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Cite this page
Athena contributors. (2026). Philosophy of science. Athena: The tree of human knowledge. Retrieved November 1, 2026, from https://latifkedi.github.io/athena/en/d/bilim-felsefesi/
@misc{athena_bilim_felsefesi,
title = {Philosophy of science},
author = {{Athena contributors}},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {\url{https://latifkedi.github.io/athena/en/d/bilim-felsefesi/}},
note = {Athena: The tree of human knowledge. Accessed: 2026-11-01}
}Added: September 27, 2026 · Last changed: September 27, 2026 · Page history