Islamic philosophy (falsafa/ḥikma)
al-Kindīal-FārābīIbn Sīnā (Avicenna)Ibn Rushd (Averroes)
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For everyone
With the translation of Greek philosophy into Arabic (8th–10th centuries), philosophers such as al-Kindī, al-Fārābī, Ibn Sīnā and Ibn Rushd emerged in the Islamic world. They built original systems relating Aristotle and Neoplatonism to Islamic belief. Their works, translated into Latin, also influenced European scholasticism. Some of the philosophers' views were criticised by theologians, especially al-Ghazālī.
For specialists
Al-Fārābī developed logic and political philosophy (al-Madīna al-fāḍila). Ibn Sīnā offered a metaphysics based on the distinction between the necessary existent (wājib al-wujūd) and contingent beings, and an argument about the self's self-awareness through the "flying man" thought experiment. Ibn Rushd became known in the Latin world as "the Commentator" for his Aristotle commentaries and argued that reason and revelation lead to the same truth (Faṣl al-maqāl).
Claims
- Reason and revelation, rightly interpreted, do not conflict and point to the same truth.[1]
Positions
- al-Fārābī
- The virtuous city is a society governed by a wise and virtuous ruler and aimed at happiness.[2]
Connections
Sources
- EncyclopediaIbn Rushd [Averroes]. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophyplato.stanford.eduarchive
- Encyclopediaal-Farabi. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophyplato.stanford.eduarchive
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Cite this page
Athena contributors. (2026). Islamic philosophy (falsafa/ḥikma). Athena: The tree of human knowledge. Retrieved November 1, 2026, from https://latifkedi.github.io/athena/en/d/islam-felsefesi/
@misc{athena_islam_felsefesi,
title = {Islamic philosophy (falsafa/ḥikma)},
author = {{Athena contributors}},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {\url{https://latifkedi.github.io/athena/en/d/islam-felsefesi/}},
note = {Athena: The tree of human knowledge. Accessed: 2026-11-01}
}Added: September 27, 2026 · Last changed: September 28, 2026 · Page history