The replication crisis
Open Science CollaborationBrian Nosek
This page delivers no verdict; it presents claims and evidence with their sources. No theory in science is absolute. Method
For everyone
In 2015, 270 researchers repeated 100 psychology experiments published in respected journals. While 97% of the originals had reported significant results, only about 36% of the replications did. Similar problems were reported in medicine and economics. It became a strong example that scientific findings are not settled by a single study.
For specialists
Replication effect sizes were on average about half those of the originals. Main causes cited were publication bias, low statistical power, "p-hacking" (analytic flexibility) and HARKing (hypothesising after results are known). Gilbert and colleagues argued that differences in samples and protocols in the replications explained the low replication rate; the project authors responded.
Claims
- A substantial share of published psychology findings do not give the same result in independent replications.[1]
Evidence
Supporting
About 36% of the 100 replications gave statistically significant results, and effect sizes halved on average.[1]
Challenging
It was argued that the replications used different populations and protocols from the originals, so the replication rate was underestimated.[2]
Connections
Sources
- Article (2015). Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science. Science 349, aac4716DOI 10.1126/science.aac4716archive
- Article (2016). Comment on "Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science". Science 351, 1037DOI 10.1126/science.aad7243archive
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Cite this page
Athena contributors. (2026). The replication crisis. Athena: The tree of human knowledge. Retrieved November 1, 2026, from https://latifkedi.github.io/athena/en/d/tekrarlama-krizi/
@misc{athena_tekrarlama_krizi,
title = {The replication crisis},
author = {{Athena contributors}},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {\url{https://latifkedi.github.io/athena/en/d/tekrarlama-krizi/}},
note = {Athena: The tree of human knowledge. Accessed: 2026-11-01}
}Added: September 27, 2026 · Last changed: September 27, 2026 · Page history