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Islam and the Qur'an

Prophet Muhammad

This page delivers no verdict; it presents claims and evidence with their sources. No theory in science is absolute. Method

For everyone

In Islamic belief the Qur'an is the word of God revealed to the Prophet Muhammad over about 23 years from 610 onward. Islam's basic articles of faith are God's oneness (tawḥīd), prophethood, the scriptures, angels, the hereafter and divine decree. The Qur'an calls people to reason, to reflect and to look at the "signs" (āyāt) in the universe. There are about 2 billion Muslims in the world.

For specialists

The Qur'an has 114 chapters (sūras). According to Islamic tradition the text was compiled under Abū Bakr and reproduced as a codex under ʿUthmān. Early parchments such as the Birmingham manuscript have been radiocarbon-dated to the 7th century. In Islamic thought the sources of knowledge are transmission (Qur'an and Sunna), reason and, for some schools, unveiling; theology, law, exegesis and Sufism form different interpretive traditions of these sources.

Claims

Evidence

Supporting

Scripture / transmitted text

The Qur'an declares itself sent down from God and challenges others to produce its like.[4]

Historical record

Qur'an leaves at the University of Birmingham were radiocarbon-dated with 95.4% probability to 568–645, indicating the text's early date.[5]

Challenging

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Positions

Islamic scholars
Islam is the final and completed form of the true religion sent since Adam.[6]

Connections

Parent

Religions and scriptures

Related

Kalām (Islamic theology)Sufism (taṣawwuf)Creation narrativesSikhism and the Guru Granth SahibFiqh and uṣūl al-fiqh (Islamic law)Hagia SophiaMimar Sinan and the Süleymaniye

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Sources

  1. ScriptureKur'an-ı Kerim, İhlâs 112quran.comarchive
  2. ScriptureKur'an-ı Kerim, Fetih 48:29quran.comarchive
  3. ScriptureKur'an-ı Kerim, Âl-i İmrân 3:190–191quran.comarchive
  4. ScriptureKur'an-ı Kerim, Bakara 2:23quran.comarchive
  5. Web (2015). Birmingham Qur'an manuscript dated among the oldest in the world. University of Birminghambirmingham.ac.ukarchive
  6. Encyclopediaİslâm. TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisiislamansiklopedisi.org.trarchive

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Cite this page

APA

Athena contributors. (2026). Islam and the Qur'an. Athena: The tree of human knowledge. Retrieved November 1, 2026, from https://latifkedi.github.io/athena/en/d/islam/

BibTeX
@misc{athena_islam,
  title        = {Islam and the Qur'an},
  author       = {{Athena contributors}},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://latifkedi.github.io/athena/en/d/islam/}},
  note         = {Athena: The tree of human knowledge. Accessed: 2026-11-01}
}

Added: September 27, 2026 · Last changed: September 27, 2026 · Page history

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